SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING IN GENERAL RELATIVITY. VECTOR ORDER PARAMETER
Meierovich B.E.

Received: January 14, 2009

PACS: 04.50.-h, 11.27.+d

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Gravitational properties of a hedgehog-type topological defect in two extra dimensions are considered in general relativity using a vector as the order parameter. All previous considerations were done using the order parameter in the form of a multiplet in the target space of scalar fields. The difference of these two approaches is analyzed and demonstrated in detail. Regular solutions of the Einstein equations are studied analytically and numerically. It is shown that the existence of a negative cosmological constant is sufficient for the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the initially flat bulk. Regular configurations have an increasing gravitational potential and are able to trap the matter on the brane. If the energy of spontaneous symmetry breaking is high, the gravitational potential has several minimum points. Spinless particles that are identical in the uniform bulk, being trapped at separate minima, acquire different masses and appear to the observer on the brane as different particles with integer spins.