CONTROLLED QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION WITH THREE-PHOTON POLARIZATION-ENTANGLED STATES VIA THE COLLECTIVE NOISE CHANNEL
Li Dong, Xiu X.-M., Gao Y.-J., Yi X.-X.

Received: January 27, 2011

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Using three-photon polarization-entangled GHZ states or W states, we propose controlled quantum key distribution protocols for circumventing two main types of collective noise, collective dephasing noise, or collective rotation noise. Irrespective of the number of controllers, a three-photon state can generate a one-bit secret key. The storage technique of quantum states is dispensable for the controller and the receiver, and it therefore allows performing the process in a more convenient mode. If the photon cost in a security check is disregarded, then the efficiency theoretically approaches unity.